Alia Shaddad & Nur El-Mahrakawy

The 3rd International Conference on Information Literacy “Information Literacy Revolution: Get Ready - 2024” marked a significant milestone as it was hosted outside of South Africa for the first time. Held at Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt, the conference brought together experts from across the globe to discuss the growing importance of information literacy, particularly in the age of rapid technological advancements, including the rise of artificial intelligence (AI).

In his keynote address, Mr. Ahmed Zayed, Director of Bibliotheca Alexandrina, emphasized the need to expand our understanding of literacy beyond the traditional notions of reading and writing. He argued that in today’s increasingly complex and technologically advanced world, it i crucial to redefine literacy to encompass digital, information, and media literacy - skills essential for navigating a world flooded with information from diverse sources and platforms.

One central theme of the conference was a shared understanding of AI’s potential to both enhance and complicate access to reliable information, with most experts warning of the challenges posed by misinformation and the need for education systems to foster critical thinking and information evaluation skills.

The Role of Libraries in an AI-Driven Future

Throughout the event, speakers discussed how libraries, traditionally seen as repositories of knowledge, must adapt to the digital age emphasizing how AI tools can enhance, rather than hinder, our ability to discern credible information. In a session titled “Information Literacy Beyond the Library,” Dr. Kristine Strewart of Zayed University presented a case study on integrating metaliteracy - an advanced form of literacy that combines critical thinking with information use - into pedagogy. She argued that “metaliteracy provides a model to engage students in metacognitive experiences that develop learners beyond their roles as consumers of information.” Similarly, in Dr. Peggy Nzomo’s workshop focused on the critical role of Critical Media and Information Literacy (MIL) in navigating the digital information landscape. Dr. Nzomo emphasized the need to understand the processes behind information production, particularly in an era dominated by artificial intelligence.

However, as Dr. Sabelo Chizwina, the Director of Information and Learning Services at North-West University in South Africa points out, libraries need to adapt to the learning patterns of today’s tech-savvy students. Dr. Chizwina pointed out that today’s students prefer engaging methods over traditional reading. To adapt to these changes, he proposed “gamification of learning,” an innovative approach that uses game-like elements to engage students and improve their information literacy skills.

Echoing the importance of libraries adapting to today’s learning environment, Mr. Kgaogelo Samson Shai, a Librarian at the University of Limpopo, added that students now expect to access information through smartphones and laptops. However, he noted that many students who are not trained on how to capitalize on AI might experience difficulties in navigating the complex digital information landscape.Additionally, Mr. Shai acknowledged the ongoing challenge of the digital divide, which continues to affect access to technology due to social, economic, and infrastructural disparities.

Inclusive AI and the Digital Literacy in the Global South

A strong focus was placed on the concept of AI justice, highlighting the need to ensure that AI technologies empower rather than marginalize vulnerable communities. Historical inequalities often shape access to technology in the Global South, making it crucial to advocate for inclusive policies. Participants stressed the importance of involving marginalized voices in the design and implementation of AI solutions, ensuring that the benefits of technology reach everyone. Indeed, despite the significant progress made in AI, several panelists highlighted the challenge that AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), are often anglocentric, resulting in the underrepresentation of Africa. Indeed, most LLMs only recognize 30-50% of languages, the majority concentrated in the Global North. This underscores the growing need for AI development that serves Africans in their native languages through localized training. Dr. Hisham Azmi, Chairman of the Board of the Egyptian Intellectual Property Authority, brought specificity to the conversation stressing the need to digitize Arabic content as a national and regional priority to reflect and preserve local knowledge and culture.

In her speech, Sara Ezzeldin, a Research Assistant at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt, also called for inclusive AI strategies to accommodate diverse users, particularly those with disabilities. She emphasized the need for user-centered design and regular independent evaluations to ensure accessibility.

A Unified Voice for Ethical Standards

One thing that became very clear by the end of the conference is the need for unified standards on the ethical use of AI. As AI becomes more integrated into daily life, ethical implications must be front and center in the Global South and establishing clear ethical guidelines is vital for navigating the complexities of AI implementation and ensuring it aligns with the needs and values of local communities. Many speakers pointed out the importance of building trust between technology providers and users, especially in regions with a history of exploitation.

Indeed, Dr. Sabelo Chizwina, the Director of Information and Learning Services at North-West University in South Africa urged for the establishment of unified ethical standards for AI, particularly in the context of decolonizing curricula to reflect the diverse needs of learners. He celebrated South Africa's efforts, where a dedicated committee and task force are working to create and implement standards at the university level. Dr. Chizwina emphasized that every university's unique voice is crucial in this process, as it helps tailor educational experiences to meet local contexts and challenges. Ms. Ramune Petuchovaite, Programme Manager at EIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries), also emphasized the necessity for governments to establish standards and policies to foster digital inclusion, which remains a significant challenge in rural areas.

Way Forward & The Role of the MENA Observatory on Responsible AI

The 3rd International Conference on Information Literacy aligns with our mission to promote ethical and informed use of artificial intelligence across the region. By addressing critical issues such as misinformation, digital inclusion, and the ethical implications of AI technologies, the conference served as a platform for stakeholders to discuss best practices and collaborative strategies. The insights shared by thought leaders in the field emphasize the importance of fostering a culture of information literacy, which is essential for navigating the complexities of AI in a responsible manner. This event underscores the need for ongoing dialogue and action to ensure that AI development benefits all communities in the MENA region.

As we move towards the end of 2024, the call to action is clear: we must prioritize information literacy not only as a skill but as a fundamental component of responsible citizenship in a digital age. The conference reaffirmed the commitment of all stakeholders to work together in creating frameworks and resources that empower individuals to become informed and engaged participants in society.